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郑州大学成人高考网：英语阅读理解方法总结一

阅读理解中心思想

文章写作结构：总（论点）----分（举例子）----总（呼应论点）

              举例子-----引出论点-----分析说明-----总结

基本读法：串线，读论点与论证。

段落写作结构：总-----分； 分（for example, for instance, such as）----总

文章中心思想：

①第一句。如果第一句是否定句或者疑问句，则看第二句；如果有连续的排比否定句或连续的疑问句，则要看对否定句的肯定句或对疑问句的肯定答复。考生应注意，所谓的否定并不是指形式的否定，而是内容的否定。比如：我不是一个学生。我也不是是一名老师。我也不是一个工人。我是一个农民。

When we talk about intelligence，we do not mean the ability to get good scores on certain kinds of tests or even the ability to do well in school. By intelligence we mean a way of living and behaving， especially in a new or upsetting situation. If we want to test intelligence， we need to find out how a person acts instead of how much he knows what to do .

1. According to this passage，intelligence is＿＿.

A. the ability to study well

B. the ability to do well in school

C. the ability to deal with life

D. the ability to get high scores on some tests

② 如果第一段的任何一句出现，But, Neverthless ，However(however,),Yet, Unfortunately, Fortunately, Today, Now(now), Nowadays, This day, These(these) days,new或者冒号，双引号，此为中心句。同理，如果第二段的第一句或者第三段的第一句有类似词，一般为中心，要注意看结论的呼应。

How should one invest a sum of money in these clays of inflation (通货膨胀)? Left in a bank it will hardly keep its value, however high the interest rate. Only a brave man, or a very rich one, dares to buy and sell on the Stock Market. Today it seems that one of the best ways to protect your savings, and even increase your wealth is to buy beautiful objects from the past. Here I am going to offer some advice on collecting antique clocks, which I personally consider are among the most interesting of antiques.

41. According to the passage, collecting antique clocks____.

A. can hardly keep the value of your savings

B. will cost much of your savings

C. may increase your wealth 

D. needs your bravery

Is new technology damaging our ability to communicate ? fingers flying,we can blog (写博克文章), email, and enter chat rooms. But, as we type our millions of words, something is being lost . As our virtual skills increase, I wonder if our ability to communicate using speech is on the decline.

24、the author believes that if the phone had been invented after the computer, people would         

A be eager to learn how to use the phone

B be glad to have both means of communication

C still prefer typing words on the computer

D show little interest in the phone

③ 记叙文，或者讲故事，文章的中心思想通常在最后一段的最后一句。当然，文章的格式不是千篇一律的，有些记叙文的中心会放在第一段的第二句，第一句是引子；有些文章的中心放在第二段的第一句，第一段是引子。所以记叙文或者讲故事的文章要注意看三个地方，第一段第二句，第二段第一句，最后一段最后一句。

如何读文章与选答案？---当你拿到一篇文章的时候，应该按以下顺序进行操作：

① 区分文章题材（读第一句，第二句）

② 抓中心句和结论句

③如果中心句不明确，可以先不用考虑中心句。这时只需要看文章后面的5个问

题的题干，也可以抓中心词。（中心句和结论句重复最多的单词或者5个问题的题干重复最多的单词）

④ 不读文章，直接读问题，对问题进行分类，看问题考的是什么。

⑤ 解题的四大原则

1，先读有中心词的选项（一般就是答案，但要注意否定与绝对）。考生要特别注意隐性否定词，除了not以外，还有false, ignore, neglect, few, little, less, hardly, scarely,seldomly, fail, error, mistake, reluntant, refuse, reject, difficulty, doubtful,suspect, lie.要注意双重否定是为肯定。

2，再读相对词的选项（一般是答案，但要主要否定）（相对词may, might, can, could, often, usually, sometimes,some, probable, possible, probably, actually, certain, should，many,almost, nearly, seems, likely (like to)，one, another,other, remain ，tend to, every day）。绝对词一般不是答案（除非原文也重复出现）（only, all, always,never,must, have to ，completely, absolutely，entirely, utterly），但是要特别注意肯定与否定。 

3，关键词回归定位（要注意句子的结构和重心）

4，段落中 but, however, yet, finally, so,as a result, turn out, latest, moreover, what more, most important, 等表达转折与总结的地方做一做标志，因为这些通常有答案，尤其是前4个单词出现的句子基本上就是答案所在，要特别注意。

ABCD出现以下单词的一般为正确答案。谨慎使用，在你无法确定答案的时候使用。

1、表达保留的概念一般是解：still , remain, leave, rest, daily（every day）, means, title,

2、表达趋势的概念一般是解：new, aware, look, move, shift, likely(like to) ,seems, threat(hazard), potentian, development,advacne, improve,

3、表达影响的概念一般是解：influnce, strong, between, vary , efficient, cause,attract, no less than,base, fundamentally

I knew a man who was asked to be the new dean (院长) of the college of business of a large university. When he first arrived, he studied the situation the college faced and felt that what it needed most was money. He recognized that he had a unique capacity to raise money, and he developed a real sense of vision about fund-raising as his primary function.

This created a problem in the college because past deans had focused mainly on meeting day-to-day faculty needs. this new dean was never there . He was running around the country trying to raise money for research .But he was not attending to the day-to-day things as the previous dean had. The faculty, who were used to working with the person at the top , had to work through his administrative assistant.

The faculty became so upset with his absence that they sent a delegation to the president of the univerisity to demand a new dean or a fundamental change in his leadership style . the president , who knew what the dean was doing, said. “relax, he has a good administrative assistant. Give him some more time”

Within a short time. The money started pouring in and the faculty began to recognize the vision . it wasn’t long until every time they saw the dean, they would say “get out of here!we don’t want to see you. Go out and bring in more funds. Your administative assistant runs this office better than anyone else”

This man admitted to me later that the mistake he made was not doing enough team building.enough explaining , enough educating about what he was trying to accomplish. From him , I learn a powerful lesson. We need to constantly be asking ourselves, “what is neede out there, and what is my unique strength?”

16、the new dean thought that the most important thing for him to do was to ___   

A gain a sense of vision

B set up a primary goal

C win the trust of the faculty

D raise money

17、the new dean was different from the past deans in that___ 

A、he was less responsible

B he didn’t attend to daily things

C he had an administrative assistant

D he didn’t like to talk with others

18、we can learn from the passage that the faculty____  

A、was not well paid for their work

B didn’t understand the new dean’s ideas at first

C had a conflict with the president of the university

D didn’t want to work with the administrative assistant

19、the faculty would ask the new dean to get out because they_____ 

A、were upset by his deadership style

B wanted to get rid of him

C were unhappy with his explanation

D wanted him to bring back more money

20、what was the mistake the new dean realized he had made?

A he was absent all the year around  

B he was insensitive to the faculty’s need

C he didn’t communicate well with the faculty

D he didn’t work hard to accomplish his goal

There is a measurable relation between how much a person learns and his attitude toward the subject to be learned.  When faced with a difficult learning task, one path to success is to concentrate on the positive aspects of the subject matter. If a student has a boring teacher, one solution is to look for the positive aspects of completing the course, regardless of how boring the teacher happens to he. To accomplish this might require a private tutor or some independent reading, but with the right attitude, success is possible.

   Over-achievers- students who do better than their test scores show -- usually have apo sitive interest toward learning. They may learn some things more slowly, and they may make their efforts, but, to compensate, they are often better at applying what they have learned. As long as they do not have emotional problems, they are successful.

   Under-achievers -- those who function below their ability shown by test scores -- often tend to allow a few negative factors to affect them. Because of their negative attitudes, they sometimes become mffairly critical of teachers. They allow themselves to get bored when it is not necessary.In short, their attitudes often cause them to learn less than over-achievers.

   If you learn to replace a negative attitude toward learning with something more positive, you are on the road to achieving almost any goal you desire. For example, if you realize a personal computer with a word processor would improve your pefformmme, but have an attitude that keeps telling you that a computer is difficult to operate, you tend to make all kinds of excuses. In short,you resist making full use of a terrific tool, simply because your negative attitude prevent you from learning.